A question that many veterinarians get from their clients is when to transition their puppy to adult dog food. The answer to this question is really based on several factors such as breed, activity level and if the puppy has special nutritional needs. First we’ll talk about when different breeds reach adulthood, and then discuss some nutritional topics.
When Are Puppies Considered Adults?
The rate at which different breeds grow determines the age where we consider them mature. For example, it’s generally accepted in veterinary medicine that toy breed dogs, such as Chihuahuas or toy poodles mature at eight months, small breeds such as miniature Schnauzers or Dachshunds reach adulthood at ten months, medium breeds such as Australian Cattle dogs or Basset Hounds mature at 12 months, large breeds such as Alaskan Malamutes and Golden Retrievers reach adulthood at about 15 months, and giant breeds such as Great Danes and Mastiffs are considered adults at 18 months. It is interesting to note that medium and large breed dogs reach their full body weight by age two, and giant breeds may not reach their ideal weight until age three (1).
When Should I Switch my Puppy to Adult Food?
As mentioned above, the answer to this question is based on breed and the size of your dog.
- If your puppy is a toy breed, she’s considered an adult at about 8 months, so at 8 months you can start transitioning her to adult food.
- If your puppy is a small breed, he’s considered an adult at about 10 months, so at 10 months you can start transitioning him to adult food.
- If your puppy is a medium breed, she’s considered an adult at about 12 months, so at 12 months you can start transitioning her to adult food.
- If your puppy is a large breed, he’s considered an adult at about 15 months, so at 15 months you can start transitioning him to adult food. This is generally the case in most large breed dogs, but in breeds (i.e. German Shepherds and Great Danes) that are prone to a conditions known as “panosteitis” and hip dysplasia, nutritionists recommend transitioning at six months to reduce over-feeding of protein and calcium.
- If your puppy is a giant breed, she’s considered an adult at about 18 months, so at 18 months you can start transitioning her to adult food.
If you have an adopted pet, and you’re not really sure how old your dog is, or whether or not you have a medium or large-breed dog, schedule an exam with your local veterinarian. Your veterinarian will be able to estimate your pet’s age, and offer recommendations regarding diet and when to switch to adult food.
Why Should I Transition My Puppy To Adult Food?
When a puppy is growing and developing, she needs more nutrients and calories than an adult dog, which is why puppy foods have higher levels of protein and fat, and other nutrients. AAFCO, or the Association of American Feed Control Officials, has established a list of minimum requirements for the nutritional composition of puppy food. For example, AAFCO requires labeled puppy foods to contain at least 22% of it’s total calories from protein, 8% fat (vs. 5% for adult food), 1% calcium, 0.08% phosphorus and 0.3% sodium (2). Other ingredients such as DHA (omega 3 fatty acids) do not fall under AAFCO rules, but as far as fatty acids go, they are good for a dog’s skin, coat, and brain function. Onceyour puppy reaches adulthood, she won’t need as many calories, and it’s a good idea to switch to adult foods in order to avoid unnecessary weight gain as she gets older.
Transitioning your puppy to adult food gradually is always recommended over an abrupt change in diet, and the reason for this is to avoid any gastrointestinal upset or side-effects. Such side-effects may include vomiting, diarrhea and/or innappetance. Most veterinarians and nutritionists recommend transitioning a puppy to adult food over a seven to ten-day period, gradually increasing the ratio of adult food to puppy food each day.
Transition Plan From Puppy Food To Adult Food
It’s important to introduce a new food to your puppy in small amounts at first, and you can complete the transition in 7-10 days. Many nutritionists recommend a schedule like the one listed below:
- Days 1-3: 75% puppy food mixed with 25% percent adult food.
- Days 4-6: 50% puppy food and 50% adult food.
- Days 7-9: 75% adult food with 25% puppy food.
- Day 10: 100% adult food.
For example, if you typically feed your high-energy, 100lb, 15 month old Labrador Retriever two cups of puppy food twice a day, start with combining 1/2 cup of puppy food and 1 1/2 cups of adult food per feeding for days one and two, and then gradually increase the a mount of adult food, while reducing the amount of puppy food. You don’t have to be totally exact, just keep in mind with each transition period, increase the amount of adult food by a little bit, while subtracting the same amount of puppy food. After 7-10 days, your puppy will be successfully transitioned to adult food. If you notice any GI (gastrointestinal) signs such as vomiting or diarrhea during the transition period, consider prolonging the transition process, and make sure the adult food you are offering has adequate nutrition for your dog. If you have further questions, contact your local veterinarian for more advice and recommendations.
What If I Feed A Raw Diet Or A Home-Cooked Diet?
If you offer your puppy a raw or special home-made diet, it is important that the adult formula contain nutrients essential for your dog’s health and well-being. Typically the adult diet will be a bit lower in protein, fat, phosphorous, sodium and calcium. If you have any questions or need recommendations as to transitioning your puppy to a raw or home-cooked diet, you can always contact your local veterinarian for advice.
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